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The Nature of Man

Made up of seven natures:

1.Elements:

• Fire, which is hot and dry,
• Air , which is hot and wet;
• Water, which is cold and wet;
• Earth, which is cold and dry.

• An evenly balanced temperament.
• An unevenly balanced temperaments; which may be unmixed, being then hot , cold, wet , or dry.
• It may unevenly balanced but mixed temperament, being hot  and dry , or hot and wet, or cold and wet.
• The most evenly balanced of all temperament in animal kingdom is the temperament of man.
• The most balanced of all temperament in mankind is the temperament of the believer.
• The most evenly balanced of all temperaments among , the believers are the temperaments  of the Messengers of Allah, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on them.
• And the most evenly balanced of temperaments among all the Messengers of Allah is the temperament of those endowed with a resolution to obey Allah.
• And the most  evenly balanced of those so endowed is the temperaments of our master Muhammad, may Allah bless him and his grand him peace , was the most evenly balanced in character from the point of view of temperament according to the rules of medicine is because the nature of his character was subservant to the temperament the temperament of his body-and the more perfectly balanced the temperament of the body is, the better is the nature of the character. And He the all- Knowing, Glorious and Mighty is He, has born witness that the Prophet was of an excellent character. It can be said that if the temperament be the most balanced of temperaments, then the character must have been the best of characters.

Al-Bukhari said in his book, as –Sahih:

“The Prophet , may Allah bless him and grand him peace, was the best of men in appearance and the best of men in character.”

• The temperament of youth is evenly balanced.
• The childhood temperament inclines to wetness ,
• and that of maturity and old age to coldness.

The most evenly balanced of temperament of the organs is the skin of the tip of index finger and after this tips of the other fingers . The hottest of the organs is heart , and after that the liver and the flesh . The coldest of all are the bone. The wettest of all is the fat. 

3. The Four Humours:

• The Blood;the most excellent is Blood, which is wet and hot .its function is to feed the body. Normal blood blood is sweet and without smell.
• The Phlegm, and this is wet and cold .It function is to convert blood whenever the body lacks food., to keep the organ moist and prevent dehydration due to movement. Normal phlegm is phlegm that is near changing into blood.Abnormal phlegm is salty , or somewhat warm, or sour .It tends to ripe and insipid.It is unmixed cold.
•  The Bile:  which is dry and hot .It is stored in the gall bladder.It renders the blood subtle and helps it to pass through the very narrow veins.Part of it carried to the bowels and produces the characteristic colour of the faeces. Normal bile is slightly red. Abnormal bile may coloured like yoke of an egg , or coloured like leeks-coloured bile , and it is a warning of death .Bile is sometimes known as Yellow Bile.
• The Spleen:These is dry and cold .It thickness the blood and feeds the spleen and the bones.Part of it passes to the mouth of the stomach and sets up a desire for food and causes acidity.Normal spleen forms the dregs of the blood .Abnormal spleen is described as inflamed, that is, impure .Spleen is sometimes called Black Bile. 

4.The Fundamental Organs:

1. The Spirits.
2. The Faculties

• Natural
• The Vital
• The Psychic. 

And the the last is the :

5.The Functions:

and they are two:

1. Function of Attraction and
2. The Function of Repulsion. 

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